Sharps Box Gukoresha Ubumenyi n'Imigenzo yo Gucungera Umutekano

Amasandugu y’ibikoresho bisongoye ni ibikoresho bihambaye vyo kwegeranya ibikoresho bisongoye mu bibanza vy’ubuvuzi, mu laboratwari no mu nganda. Ikoreshwa ryavyo ryiza rifitaniye isano n’umutekano w’abakoresha n’umutekano w’ibinyabuzima. Biciye mu kwihweza no gusesangura mu kiringo kirekire, umwanditsi yasanze guhitamwo neza, gukoresha neza no guta amasandugu y’ibikoresho bisongoye birimwo ibintu vyinshi vy’ingenzi bisaba ko uwubikoresha yitwararika. Iki kiganiro kirasesangura ibiranga ibikorwa, uburyo bwo gukora, ingorane zisanzwe, n’ivyifuzo vyo gutuma amasandugu y’ibikoresho vy’ubuhinga bwa none akora neza mu bikorwa, bigamije guha abahinga mu vy’ubuhinga ubumenyi n’ubumenyi bw’agaciro.

I. Ibikorwa nyamukuru n'ingingo ngenderwako zo guhitamwo amasandugu y'ibikoresho

Ishingiro ry’agasanduku k’ibikoresho bisongoye ni ugubika hagati ibikoresho bisongoye nk’inshinge, ibikoresho vyo gucapura, n’ibice vy’ibirahuri biciye mu kwitandukanya n’abandi no kubifunga, kugira ngo ntihagire umuntu atoborwa canke gutoborwa mu mpanuka bishobora gutuma umuntu arwara indwara ziterwa n’amaraso (nk’agakoko gatera SIDA n’indwara y’igitigu B) canke gufatwa n’indwara ziterwa n’akazi. Ibikorwa vyayo nyamukuru vyerekanywe mu mice itatu: ica mbere, ubushobozi bwo gutobora-igikoresho co mu gasandugu kigomba kuba gishobora guhangana n’ugutoboka kw’ibintu bisongoye bitavunitse (mu bisanzwe gikozwe muri polyethylene canke polypropylene y’uburemere bwinshi-, n’ubushobozi bwo gutobora burengeye 1 canke equ); ica kabiri, gukingira-iyo yuzuye, itegerezwa gukingira neza n’uburyo bwo kwifunga canke bwo kwifunga kugira ngo ntihagire ikintu kiva; na gatatu, gushiramwo ikimenyetso gitomoye-bitegerezwa kwandikwako ikimenyetso c'imburi y'akaga k'ibinyabuzima (nk'"inkomoko y'akaga k'ibinyabuzima" yemewe kw'isi yose), imipaka y'ubushobozi, n'igisata c'ikoreshwa.

Igihe uhitamwo akazu k’ibikoresho bisongoye, amaparametere akwiye kumenyekana ashingiye ku bikenewe vyihariye vy’ikoreshwa. Ku bikorwa vy’ubuvuzi, amasandugu y’umuhondo asongoye yubahiriza ingingo ngenderwako y’umwaka wa YY/T 0506-2016 (ubushobozi rusangi bwa 1L, 2L, na 3L) ni zo zikundwa. Ku ma laboratwari akoresha ibintu bisongoye bishobora gusenyuka (nk’ibice vy’ibirahuri), birakenewe ko habaho amasandugu yihariye akozwe mu bikoresho bishobora guhangana n’aside- n’ibikoresho bishobora guhangana n’amazi. Ku bikorwa vy’inganda (nk’ugukora amashini), amasandugu y’ivyuma-afise ubushobozi bwinshi (5L n’iyirengeye) n’ibishingo bidashobora kunyerera biraremeshwa. Ni vyiza cane kumenya ko gukoresha amakarito asanzwe canke ibibindi vy’amapulasitike nk’ibisubirira ibikoresho vy’ibikoresho bisongoye bibujijwe. Ivyo bikoresho ntibishobora gushitsa ibisabwa kugira ngo ntibitoboke kandi ntibishobora guterwa n’umuyaga kandi birashobora gutera ingorane nyinshi ku mutekano.

II. Ibisobanuro vy'ingenzi ku buryo bwo gukoresha busanzwe

Ivyombo vy'ibikoresho bisongoye bitegerezwa kwubahiriza cane ingingo ngenderwako y'"gukoresha no guta" kugira ngo ntibirenge canke ngo bigaragare ibikoresho bisongoye kubera guteba kubika. Ibi bintu bikurikira bisaba kwitwararikwa cane mu gihe c’ugukora:

(I) Gushiramwo n'ugukora

Ivyombo vy’ibikoresho bisongoye bikwiye gushirwa neza aho uwubikoresha ashobora kubishikako (ntibirenge santimetero 50) kandi bibe ku burebure buri ku rugero rw’amaso canke munsi gato y’urutugu (nk’amasentimetero 70-90) kugira ngo ibikoresho bisongoye ntibigwe kubera gupfukama cane canke gukaraba cane. Nk’akarorero, mu gihe c’ugutera imitsi, abaforomo barashobora kumanika ikintu gifise ubumara bwa 1L ku ruhande rw’igare ry’ubuvuzi kugira ngo inshinge zishobore gukurwako ata bindi bintu bihinduwe. Mu cumba co kubagiramwo, ibikoresho vy’ivyuma bisongoye vy’amalita 2 akenshi bifatwa ku ruhande rw’imeza y’ibikoresho, ivyo bikaba bituma uwubikora ashobora guta ataco akora inshinge zo gudodera.

(II) Ukwiyubara ku bijanye no guta ibikoresho bisongoye

Igihe utanga ibikoresho bisongoye, nugumye impera y’ivyo bisongoye iraba hasi maze ureke uburemere bw’isi bugwe mu buryo busanzwe buja hasi mu gasandugu. Ntusunike n’ibiganza vyawe ataco uhinduye (nk’akarorero, ukoresheje umugozi wo gusunika urushinge). Ku bikoresho bisongoye bifise imirongo (nk’akarorero, imirongo y’amaraso iguma mu mubiri), tandukanya urushinge n’imirongo imbere yo kwinjiza urushinge ukwarwo. Ku bijanye n’ama ampoules y’ibirahuri, ushireko izosi ry’icupa kugira ngo ukuremwo ibisigazwa imbere y’uko ubishira mu gasandugu k’ibikoresho bisongoye (kugira ngo ntushwiragize ibice). Nimube maso canecane ku bijanye no kwuzuza birenze urugero. Iyo isandugu y’ibikoresho bisongoye yuzuye gushika ku bice 3/4 vy’ubushobozi bwayo (nk’amasentimetero 2-3 uvuye ku kimenyetso co hejuru), itegerezwa guca ipfungwa. Kuzuza cane bituma umuntu ashobora gutoboka (amakuru y’igerageza yerekana ko igitigiri c’abantu bashobora gutoboka 47% iyo isandugu yuzuye kuruta iyo yuzuye 3/4).

(III) Ibisabwa bidasanzwe ku bijanye no gufunga no gutwara

Amasandugu yuzuye ivyuma bisongoye ategerezwa gupfungwa n’urufunguzo rwihariye canke ruzunguruka (ibigereranyo bimwebimwe bisaba gukanda amabara ku mpande zompi gushika umuntu akanda). Iyo zimaze gupfungwa, ntizitegerezwa gusubira gufungurwa. Mu gihe co gutwara, amasandugu yihariye yo gutwara (yubahiriza ingingo ngenderwako z’ugutwara zijanye n’umutekano w’ibinyabuzima) zitegerezwa gukoreshwa kugira ngo ibikoresho vy’ibikoresho bisongoye ntibiterere canke ngo bijanjagurike. Ivyombo vy’ibikoresho vy’ubuhinga bwa none (bifise ibice birenga 90% vy’ivyo bikoresho) bitegerezwa guturirwa mu kibanza gifise ubushobozi bwo kubikuramwo hakurikijwe uburyo bwo gukuramwo imyanda y’ubuvuzi. Ivyombo bishobora gusubira gukoreshwa (nk’ibikoresho bimwebimwe vy’ivyuma-vy’inganda) bitegerezwa gusukurwa n’umwotsi w’inguvu nyinshi- (degree 121 mu minota 20) hanyuma bikagenzurwa ko ata bikoresho bisigaye imbere y’uko bisubira gukoreshwa.

III. Ibibazo bisanzwe n'ingene twobitera imbere

Mu bikorwa, uburongozi bw’ibikoresho vy’ibikoresho vy’ubuhinga bwa none buracari n’ibibazo bimwebimwe bihurikiyeko: Ica mbere, abakoresha bamwebamwe baracerezwa gufunga ibikoresho kubera ko babona ko ataco bimaze, ivyo bikaba bituma ibikoresho bikoreshwa birenze urugero; ica kabiri, ibikoresho ntibikingirwa mu gihe co gutwara, ivyo bikaba bituma bigwa bigasenyuka; kandi ica gatatu, abakozi batabifitiye uruhusha (nk’abakozi bo gusukura) bakora ku mpanuka ibikoresho bitapfutse. Ingingo zikurikira zirashobora gushirwa mu ngiro kugira ngo ivyo bibazo bitorerwe umuti:

•Gukomeza amahugurwa n’ubugenzuzi: Gukora amahugurwa ahoraho ku bijanye no gukoresha neza ibikoresho vy’ubumara (na cane cane ku bakozi bashasha), kumenya ko ivyo vyubahirizwa biciye mu gusuzuma aho hantu no gusubiramwo hagati y’inzego, no gushiramwo ikoreshwa ryiza mu gusuzuma ibikorwa.

•Gutera imbere mu bijanye n’imiterere y’ibikoresho: Gushiramwo ibikoresho vyo gufata ibikoresho bisongoye (bifise ibikoresho vyo gukingira -ugunyerera n’ibizibira) mu bibanza bikoreshwa cane nk’ivyumba vyo kuvura n’ama laboratwari kugira ngo ibikoresho bibe bikomeye. Koresha amagare y’ibinyabiziga afise ibibanza bihoraho kugira ngo wirinde ibitonyanga mu gihe co gutwara ibintu.

•Gugabanya inshingano mu buryo butomoye: Gutora umuntu yiyemeje gushingira intahe gusubirira no kwandika ibikoresho vy’ibikoresho vy’ubuhinga bwa none (kwandika igihe co gusubirira, ubushobozi, n’umuntu abijejwe) kugira ngo hashingwe uburyo bwo gucunga inshingano zifunze-. Gutanga inyigisho z'umutekano ku bakozi bafasha, nk'abakozi bo gusukura, no gushimika kw'itegeko ry'ishimikiro ry'uko "ntimukore ku bikoresho vy'ibikoresho bityaye."

Iciyumviro

Naho ari bitobito, ibikoresho bisongoye ni intambamyi ikomeye cane ku bijanye n’umutekano n’uburinzi ku kazi. Kuva ku guhitamwo neza gushika ku gukoresha neza no ku guta mu nyuma, intambwe yose isaba kwitwararika cane. Ni mu kwitwararika neza no kubandanya gutera imbere gusa, ni ho gusa ingorane zo gukomeretswa n’ibintu bikomeye zishobora kugabanywa, kandi ubuzima n’umutekano vy’ababikoresha bikagumaho. Ku bigo vy’ubuvuzi, ama laboratwari, n’ibigo vy’inganda, kwinjiza uburyo bwo gucunga ibikoresho vy’ivyuma bisongoye mu mice y’ibikorwa (SOPs) si ikintu gitegekanijwe n’amategeko gusa, ariko kandi ni uguhitamwo gukenewe kugira ngo ubuzima bw’umuntu bukingirwe.